“I
shall always hold it as a beacon for anything that I may be able to do in the
future” - Best Supporting Actress – Hattie McDaniel - Gone
with the Wind - 1940
The Oscar awards or better known in
the US as the Academy Awards is one of few ceremonies dedicated to the film
industry. Dating back to the 1920s when doo-woop music sprung to life, black and
white television was a luxury and pop-eye the sailor man showcased what we all
see in modern gym advertisement, the Oscars is the oldest award ceremony
followed by the Emmy awards (TV), Tony awards (Theatre) and the Grammy awards representing music and
recording.
In May
of 1929 the first Oscar award ceremony was held in the Blossom room of the Hollywood
Roosevelt hotel in honour of movies released from August 1st 1927 to
August the following year. Just as glamorous but not as rich, the venue was
host to 270 people with fifteen awards on standby for potential winners. The
price into the ceremony would cost no more than $5 as opposed to the grapevine
whisperers speaking of numbers from $30,000 - $40,000 to attend an Oscar event
today. The ceremony of 1929 was due to last no longer than fifteen minutes with
the nominees announced prior to the event. Much different from what we see
today, there was no element of surprise in the build-up as the winners were
announced to the media three months before the event would take place. Such
generous policy lasted up until 1940. The modern messiahs of Oscar coverage can
thank The Los Angeles Times for breaking an embargo in 1940 when, much to the
displeasure of the Academy, they published the winners of the event in its
evening edition prior to the official ceremony. This is what led to the “sealed
envelope” concept. Introduced in 1941, the sealed envelope turned out to be the
most logical approach to concealing potential winners and is still used in
raising the anticipation today.
Only a handful of famous names attended first Oscar ceremony. Some would go on to receive
awards in years to come, others were just as surprised as the audience; among
the winners were Frank Borzage (right) for best director on 7thHeaven; titled under “dramatic picture” and starring
Janet Gaynor and Charles Farrell. It is the thirteenth highest grossing silent
film in cinema history and went on to gross 2.7 million at the box office.
Female protagonist Janet Gaynor went on to take the award for best actress in a
leading role. The award for “outstanding picture” went to “Wings”; a story of
two
World War 1 pilot friends.
Another creation of the silent movie era, Wings was directed by
William A. Wellman and beat Frank
Borzage’s 7thHeaven to the award for best picture.
History
would show a dark day in New York’s Wall Street. Forever remembered as Black
Tuesday, it was the crash of the stock market which began in October 1929. It
is forever known as the greatest stock market crash in the history of the United
States. Among this great depression saw the second academy
awards held in Coconut Grove of the Ambassador Hotel. The Broadway Melody stole best picture,
Warner Braxter took best actor for “In Old Arizona”, Hans Kraley was awarded
for penning “The Patriot” and Twinkies are introduced to bakeries around the
United States.
On
November 10th 1931 the fourth annual awards was held at the Sala
D’Oro in the Biltmore Hotel honouring movies released from August 1 1930 – July
31, 1931. A Free Soul starring Lionel
Barrymore, Norma Shearer and Leslie Howard; it follows the story of an
alcoholic defence attorney who is forced to defend his daughter’s ex-boyfriend
on charges of murder. Nigel Barrymore went on to take the award for best actor
and director Clarence Brown was nominated for best director in which he lost to
Norman Taurog for “Skippy” which was based on a comic-strip by Percy Crosby.
Six months later, in the year of 1932 the citizens of New York were witness to
the opening of the Empire state building. On October 17th, pint
sized crime boss Al Capone was sentenced to 11 years for tax evasion and the 5th
Oscar award ceremony would follow on November 18th.
Held at
the Fiesta room in the Ambassador hotel, the 5th Academy award
ceremony was home to faces of old and new. Routine winners such as director
Frankie Borzage picked up the award for best director for Bad Girl; a dramatic tale of ordinary people living mundane lives.
It starred Sally Eilers and James Dunn. Released in 1931, Bad Girl was adapted
from the novel and play by Vina Delmare, therefore picking up the award for
best screenplay adaption also.
“A change is gonna
come” – Sammy Cook
On May
10th 1940 Winston Churchill succeeded Neville Chamberlain as British
Prime Minister, the Tokyo Olympics was cancelled and the 12th annual
Oscar ceremony saw a new star in the making, one who paved way for many of her
race to follow; Hattie McDaniel. Gone
with the Wind was directed by David O’Selznick (Selzick International
pictures) and starred Scarlett O’ Hara and Ashley Wilkes who play a historical
romantic duo set against the backdrop of the American Civil war.
Despite its two year delay, Selzinick’s film won the award for outstanding production. In the mix was
Hattie McDaniel’s award for best supporting actress (the mammy) which was a
significant achievement in itself because Hattie (left) was the first African America
to win an Academy award. Accepting the award on February 29th 1940
Hattie was humbled; “Academy of Motion
Picture Arts and Sciences, fellow members of the motion picture industry and
honoured guests: This is one of the happiest moments of my life, and I want to
thank each one of you who had a part in selecting me for one of their awards,
for your kindness. It has made me feel very, very humble; and I shall always
hold it as a beacon for anything that I may be able to do in the future. I
sincerely hope I shall always be a credit to my race and to the motion picture
industry. My heart is too full to tell you just how I feel, and may I say thank
you and God bless you”.
Through-out
the late 1930s and 1940s the Oscar award ceremony was consistent in its success
and dedication toward onscreen recognition. In 1943 the Oscar awards introduced
a new category of awards in honour of the pretentious work ethic of those who
often go unnoticed; Best documentary
feature (1943), Best Foreign language
film (1947), Best costume design
(1948) and best makeup and hairstyling (1981).
In the mix was the celebration of best
animated short, best visual effects and
best sound mixing; most of these
categories have withstood the test of time from the year 1940 right through to 2010. Such categories and more have gone on to boost the face of the
Oscars and its recognition of celebrating every aspect of film craftsmanship.
However not every category made it as far with some discontinued since the
early 20s and late 60s. One such award is the best comedy picture which was strangely presented to a Lewis
Milestone for “Two Arabian Knights”. Unfortunately, though the last movie you
may have seen had you hurting with laughter, you will not see such gratitude in
the awards today. In fact that award of 1929 was the first and last. Along with
the extinguished is the award for best
Dance direction (1935-1937), best original story (1928-1956) and best title writing (1928). An award for best title design was almost introduced back in 1999 but was later
rejected).
That wonderful toy
There
are many awards granted to those worthy, but not all of them come in the form
of what we perceive to be an Oscar award, well to put it correctly, each statuette,
no matter its design is an Oscar award per say. But, followed by the award for,
let’s say the Academy Award for Technical
Achievement, the John A. Bonner Medal of Commendation, the Student Academy
Award and many more of that niche, the statuette in which signifies this
event is The Academy Award of Merit;
plated in copper, nickel silver and 24 karat gold, it stands tall and weighs
approximately 8 ½ pound. The appearance
renders a knight holding a crusaders sword posing on a reel of film with five
spokes attached. The five spokes represent the original branches of the academy
which are the actors, directors, writers, producers and technicians; Pretty
cool right? So who the hell is Oscar?
While the name of Oscar Wilde and many other fabricated but pretty nice
philosophical related stories have circled in its time, Rebecca Murray of Hollywood Movie Entertainment has
settled on one such story that the Academy has gone on to use; “the most popular story has been that Academy
librarian - and eventual executive director - Margaret Herrick believed it
looked a lot like her Uncle Oscar. After she made that observation, the Academy
staff began calling the award 'Oscar.' The Academy didn't officially use the
nickname until 1939”.
Pause for
significance
Below
are some notable millstones in the history of the Academy Awards.
14th Awards
– In 1941, a documentary category appeared on the ballot for the first time.
20th
Awards – The first special award to honor a foreign language motion picture
was given in 1947 to the Italian film “Shoe-Shine.” Seven more special awards
were presented before Foreign Language Film became an annual category in 1956.
21st
Awards – Costume Design was added to the ballots for 1948.
25th
Awards – For the first time, the Oscar presentation was televised. The NBC-TV
and radio network carried the ceremony, honouring the films of 1952, live from
Hollywood with Bob Hope as master of ceremonies, and from the NBC International
Theatre in New York with Conrad Nagel as host.
29th
Awards – The Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award was established and Y. Frank
Freeman was its first recipient.
36th
Awards – The Special Effects Award was divided into Sound Effects and Special
Visual Effects beginning with the honors for films released in 1963.
38th
Awards – The Oscar ceremony in 1966 was the first to be televised in color.
41st
Awards – The April 14, 1969, Oscar ceremony was the first major event held at
the new Dorothy Chandler Pavilion of the Los Angeles County Music Center.
54th
Awards – Makeup became an annual category, with Rick Baker winning for his work
on the 1981 movie “An American Werewolf in London.” The Gordon E. Sawyer Award,
recognizing technological contributions to the industry, was established.
74th
Awards – The Animated Feature Film Award is added, with “Shrek” winning for
2001.
Media Intervention
The
origin of the Oscar ceremony is of very little significance regarding publicity
and advertisement. Far from what we see today, the Oscar ceremony was an
intimate way of toasting to those representing the film industry and the future
it long beholds. Unlike the drama and the significant glamour involved today,
the first Oscar ceremony managed to stay hidden from the public eye. However
the reception and coverage that followed would forever blow this little place
of many characters into a global reception.
The privilege of being nominated and better yet, to win, was blown up by
the little existing media of that time.
The second Academy Awards was significant in its enthusiasm and thirst
of interest. And so, for the very first time the Oscar awards was broadcast on
air for approximately one hour and of course going on to do so ever since. Do
you think that mysterious broadcaster would have guessed the many ways we could
watch the Oscars today?
In 1953,
the first televised Academy Awards enabled millions through-out America and
Canada to celebrate their favorite action star, tear-jerking love story,
musical wonder and female protagonist, all from the comfort of their living
room. Just like video tapes to DVDs, or cassettes to CDs, twas the dawn of the color television in 1966 that gave home audience an immersive interaction
that would blow their socks off! A bit like the forceful concept of 3D today,
the difference with the introduction of colour TV was that it actually worked,
and we, as human beings have gone on to inherit nothing else since.
The
Oscar award ceremony reached new heights in 1969 when it began broadcasting
internationally in over 200 countries.